The Different Types of Sports Essay - 590 Words

â€Å"Sports are for fun, but they also offer benefits and lessons that carry over into all aspects of life†. This well-known anonymous quotation conveys the message that sport is the game which has some rules and custom. It is not only for fun and entertainment, but there are also some benefits of playing sports and which gives some important lessons for life. Every kind of physical sports is healthy because it involves running, jumping, stretching, mind skills and much more. There are so many sports available in the world nowadays, but we can categorize them by the numbers of players, the three main categories are individual sport, dual sport and team sport. The first category of sports is individual sports, in which a person can play†¦show more content†¦You can play these sports whenever you are free, or in school, it refreshes the person and gives him new energy through which the person performs well in his/her life. Other kind of sports is dual sports. It is pla yed by two people at one time. For example: tennis, squash, ping pong, wrestling, car racing, board games, motorcycling, and many more. These games are good for all the people, but especially good for those people who are afraid of facing group of people during game and cannot perform well in sports with teams those kinds of person can choose dual sports in which only two person can play the game and through this that person can gain the potential playing with team and can build his confidence as well as personality. In addition, it also provides physical and mental strength to cope with team players. You can play these games with your friends in school or at home and in your leisure time. It keeps a person fresh and gives him/her peace of mind. The last category of sport is team sport. In which a group of people works together to help the team wins. It is played between two teams who against each other and give their possible efforts to achieve the target or goal. 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Political Risks in International Marketing Free Essays

Assessing the political environment is an important part in any business decision. Laws and regulations passed by either local, regional and central government bodies can affect foreign firms’ operations. Also, firms are comfortable assessing the political climates in their home countries. We will write a custom essay sample on Political Risks in International Marketing or any similar topic only for you Order Now However, assessing the political climates in other countries is still problematic. Classification and description of political risks When doing international business, the manager may face several types of financial risks. The major types of financial risks are commercial risks, political risks, exchange rate risks, and other such as inflation-related risks. Thus, political risks are non commercial risks. Political risks are any changes in the political environment that may adversely affect the value of a firm’s business activities. Political risks may occur in any nation, but the risks vary considerably between countries. We may distinguish two types of classification of political risks. A classification based on the characteristic of political risks and a classification or categorization based on the local government actions or control. Classification based on the characteristics of political risks Characteristics refer to as the facts that are inherent to each political risk. In other terms, their uniqueness or what make them different from one another. There are three types of such characteristics: ownership risks, operating risks, and transfer risks. Ownership risk In which the property of the firm is threatened through expropriation, confiscation or domestication. Ownership risk exposes property and life. The triad will be explained in the second classification. Operating risk  In which there is interference with the firm operations. The ongoing operations of the and/or the safety of its employees are threatened through changes in laws, environmental standards, tax codes, terrorism, armed insurrection or wars, and so forth. Transfer risk  In which the government interferes with a firm’s ability to shift funds into and out of the country. Classification based host country actions We can distinguish two types: political risks out of the government control and political risk induced by the government. Political risks out of government control. There are risks or events arise from nongovernmental actions, factors that are outside the government responsibility. There are  wars, revolution, coup d’etat, terrorism, strikes, extortion, and kidnappings. They all derived from some unstable social situation, with population frustration and intolerance. All these risks can generate violence, directed towards firms’ property and employees. We may also have the case of  externally induced financial constraints and externally imposed limits on imports or exports, especially in case of embargoes or any economic sanctions against the host country. Political risks induced by the government These risks constitute some laws directed against foreign firms. Some government-induced risks are very drastic. There are expropriation, confiscation and domestication. Expropriation  is the seizure of foreign assets by a government with payment of compensation to the owners. In other terms, it is involuntary transfer of property, with compensation, from a privately owned firm to a host country government. Expropriation may generate some funds for the owners. However, procedures to get paid from the government are sometimes protracted and the final amount remains low. Furthermore, if no compensation is paid, conflicts may erupt between the host country and the country of the expropriated firm. For instance, the relations between U. S. and Cuba acknowledge such situation, since Cuba does not offer compensation to U. S. firms that have their assets sized. 3(*)  Also, expropriation can refrain other companies from investing in the concerned country. Confiscation  is another type of ownership risk similar to expropriation, except compensation. It is involuntary transfer of property, no compensation, from a privately owned firm to a host country government. In confiscation, firms do not receive any funds from government. Thereby, it represents a more risky situation for foreign firms. Some industries are more vulnerable to confiscation than others because of their importance to the host countries and their lack of ability to shift operations. Sectors such as mining, energy, public utilities, and banking have been targets of such government actions. Domestication  offers to governments a subtle control over the foreign investments. There is a partial ownership transfer and companies are urged to prioritize local production and to retain a large share of the profit within the country. Domestication can negatively impact the international marketer activities, as well as that of the entire firm. For example, if foreign companies are forced to hire nationals as managers, poor cooperation and communication can result. If domestication was imposed within a short time span, poorly trained and inexperienced local managers would head the firm operations with possible lost of profits. Other government actions-related risks  are less dangerous but more common such as  boycott, sabotage. When facing shortage of foreign currency, government, sometimes, attempts to  control the movement of capital  in and out of the country. Often,  exchange controls  are levied selectively against certain products or companies. Exchange controls limit importation of goods so that firms might be confronted with difficulties in their regular transactions. Severe restrictions on import  can be a motive for foreign corporate to shut down. Governments may also raise the tax rate applied to foreign investors in order to control them and their capital. Government may implement a  price control system. Such control uses to derive from a sensitive political situation. For example, social pressure may result in a kind of price standardization for particular sectors like food, transportation, fuel, and healthcare. Political risks like arms conflicts, insurrection may affect all firms in the country equally. For that reason they are called  macro political risks. Unlike, nationalization, strikes, expropriation may affect only a handful and specific firm, they are named  micro political risks. Impact of some political risks Some negative effects of political risks on firm are summarized in the following table. Table 1. Holistic table summarizing the major political risks and their effects on firms TYPES| IMPACT ON FIRMS| Expropriation| Loss of future profits| | | Confiscation| Loss of assets| Loss of future profits| | | Campaigns against foreign goods| Loss of sales| | Increased costs of public relations efforts to improve public image| | | Mandatory labor benefits legislation| Increased operating costs| | | Kidnappings, terrorists threats, and other forms of violence| Disrupted production| | Increased security costs| | Increased managerial costs| | Lower productivity| | | Civil wars| Destru ction of property| | Lost sales| | Disruption of production| | Increased security costs| | Lower productivity| | | Inflation| Higher operating costs| | Repatriation| Inability to transfer funds freely| | | Currency devaluations| Reduced value of repatriated earnings| | | Increased taxation| Lower after-tax profits| | | Source, Ricky W. Griffin, International business, 2005, page 73 In long run, and depending on the severity of the risks, action taken by government may decrease income and be detrimental to the host country economy. Strong political risks that are deeply rooted in the country governance habit might be barriers to foreign investment and country prosperity. What is going on in West Africa? How to cite Political Risks in International Marketing, Essay examples

A rewiew of hallote Salmon performed by horse and bambo Essay Example For Students

A rewiew of ?hallote Salmon performed by horse and bambo Essay This play was the story of the, life of charlotte salmon. It showed her life from child hood to adult hood and then her death, and also important event in her short life that affected her and in turn affected us. The play had a very dramatic story line as charlotte salmon had a very dramatic life. In the play we saw charlotte forming close relation ships with the characters around her and yet at some point they were all taken from her, firstly her mother: they used several actors to show they many different frames of mind she was in, one calm and playing with her daughter, then frantic using all the levels and space on the stage trying in vein to talk to her husband and then getting to the point of killing her self. I think that this was a fantastic way of showing all aspects of what she was thinking. This technique was used again in the play when her grandmother became suicidal. This piece of theatre was very metaphorical, for example the furniture, at the beginning or the play that each member of the family had represented them: the father being a wardrobe with closed doors, the grand father clock that had no numbers held the grand father and the mother and grandmother being chests of draws being the same at the start and the both ended up the same way. The window that was used in the suicides and almost for the suicide of charlotte to me was a type of portal, not to the out side world as most windows are, but to the after life. The idea of objects representing something else was used through out the play but particularly when charlotte was painting, instead of pictures she drew images that showed an aspect of the play e.g. a key meant secrets as the truth of her mothers death had been locked in a chest and the key hidden, some these images were used again in the play for example when charlottes grandmother died the picture of grief was shown to the audience on a much bigger scale. As the actors chose to use masks they could not use facial expression to portey emotion, so the actors had amplify their move ments, they did this very well with hand gestures and the way and speed of witch the moved, the levels of the stage were also used. They did not merely use the stage to move on, I think by covering it in white cloth it showed a new and pure chapter in charlotte life, when she started to paint. The lighting was used quite effectively in the play, when there was a melancholy part of the play e.g. when her mother died the lighting was low, then in happier times was bright like when they were on holiday. However I do not thin that the lighting was a large part of the effects of the play. In my opinion when the Germans came was such an anticlimax, it is such a curtail part of the play and it could have been so much more dramatic. Technical equipment was used to draw the play to a close; an image of charlotte was projected on to a piece of cloth. She was running and then a black cloud, which I took to be the gas, engulfed her.